Afrobeat, a lively musical genre that blended traditional African rhythms with influences from around the world, first appeared in Lagos, Nigeria, in the late 1960s. Pioneered by Fela Anikulapo Kuti, the genre fused Yoruba percussion, Ghanaian highlife, and American funk, especially inspired by James Brown. After studying overseas, Fela returned to Nigeria and, with drummer Tony Allen, produced complicated polyrhythms, prolonged grooves, and politically charged lyrics. Afrobeat evolved into a forum for social criticism, addressing topics such as post-colonial conflicts, inequality, and corruption. Fela’s Africa ’70 band popularised the sound in the 1970s, often performing in violation of government restrictions and raids at his Kalakuta Republic commune.
Important Instruments That Influence the Afrobeat Sound
Congas, bongos, and talking drums are among the percussion instruments that contribute significantly to the hypnotic rhythm of Afrobeat. These instruments interlock to produce powerful patterns. The bass guitar offers deep, funky foundations, and the shekere, a gourd rattle, adds complexity. Jazz large bands are evoked by the rapid, syncopated lines played by brass sections, including saxophones, trombones, and trumpets. Electric guitars often resemble highlife tunes, combining rhythm and melody. This group produces lengthy songs with mesmerising grooves that are characteristic of Afrobeat performances.
Legendary Artists and Legacy
Often referred to as the “Black President,” Fela Kuti put out more than 50 albums, including Zombie (1976), which combined lengthy musical compositions with activism. Tony Allen’s rhythmic inventions later inspired international performers. While pioneers like Orlando Julius and Ghana’s E.T. Mensah contributed to the early sound, Fela’s sons, Seun Kuti and Femi Kuti, carry on the tradition with contemporary adaptations. Today, Afrobeat has grown into Afrobeats, inspiring pop musicians like Burna Boy and Wizkid, mixing its rebellious roots with contemporary global music trends.
Summary
Afrobeat, originating in Lagos with Fela Kuti and Tony Allen, combines African rhythms, jazz, funk, and political messaging. Its signature percussion, brass, and bass have inspired modern Afrobeats, making it a globally influential genre.
