Currently, South Africa is experiencing one of its biggest foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in recent history, having reported FMD outbreaks across all 9 provinces.
As of March 2026, there have been nearly 1000 outbreaks, which suggests that the disease is rapidly spreading through livestock throughout South Africa.
Nationwide Spread and Rising Cases
The outbreak, which began to escalate in late 2025, has already affected many of South Africa’s significant agricultural areas, including the Free State, Gauteng, and KwaZulu-Natal.
Many of the outbreak hotspots are still experiencing very high levels of infection, which increases the chances of continued transmission via animal movement and trade networks.
Government Response and Vaccination Drive
Authorities are implementing a nationwide program to vaccinate as many people as possible with the aim of limiting the spread of the disease by the use of movement restrictions, quarantine, and surveillance.
The long-term goals are to manage the virus and allow for some animal activity (under strict supervision) while attempting to maintain control over the spread of foot and mouth disease.
Economic Impact on Livestock Sector
The effects of the outbreak on the country’s livestock sector have been catastrophic; in particular, the value of South African beef exports has declined greatly as a result of both trade restrictions and increased production costs/losses due to restricted access to markets.
Additionally, the challenges associated with managing the supply chain have made it difficult for consumers to obtain meat at home, since there have been supply shortages.
Challenges Slowing Containment
As vaccine distribution delays and difficulties with logistics continue to happen, the continuing spread of foot and mouth disease poses a significant challenge for efforts to protect the economy and the food system of South Africa.
FAQs
1. What is foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)?
The highly infectious viral disease FMD affects the hooved animals (cattle, sheep and pigs) and causes blisters and fever.
2. Is FMD dangerous to humans?
FMD does not affect humans and is not a threat to public health, but it has harmful effects on livestock and agriculture.
3. How is South Africa controlling the outbreak?
The government is taking measures to control the spread of the disease through vaccination programs, restrictions on movement, and quarantine areas.
4. Which areas are most affected by the FMD outbreak?
All nine provinces have identified cases of FMD, with substantial outbreaks in some critical farming regions (Gauteng and Free State).
5. What is the economic impact of the FMD outbreak?
Consequently, many farmers & livestock producers have experienced reduced exports, disruption of supply lines & huge financial loss from their farming operations.
