In Cairo, a cannon called “Midfaa Al-Iftar” is fired every day at sunset during the month of Ramadan to let people know it’s time to eat at the end of each day’s fast. The tradition of Midfaa Al-Iftar firing started in the 15th century during the Mamluk dynasty, around 1467 AD, when Sultan Al-Zaher Khoshqadam (Khushqadam) fired a new cannon given to him as a gift in celebration of the first day of Ramadan and Magreb prayer time. At that time, people heard the cannon go off and assumed it was the call to eat at the end of the fast, so they thanked the Sultan, and this has become a tradition for everyone to hear the cannon fire at sunset during Ramadan.
Evolution Through Egyptian Rulers and Eras
Over centuries, rulers enhanced the cannon’s reach and spectacle. Khedive Ismail relocated it to Muqattam Hill for wider sound coverage, hauling it daily via massive-wheeled chariots amid cheering crowds. Under Abbas Helmy I, dual shots echoed from the Citadel and Abbasiya Palace. The current cannon, a 1871 Krupp model with wooden wheels, now sits at Salah El-Din Citadel’s Police Museum square.
Modern Revival of the Iconic Ramadan Cannon Firing
Following thirty years of no activity, in 2021, the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism re-established and re-ignited the Citadel’s Cannon, pairing the Canon with additional lasers to extend its reach into the distance. The cannon serves as an icon of culture and attracts tourists to the Citadel from all over the world, regardless of the time of day or the call to prayer, and it has sparked similar traditions throughout the Arab World. The sound of the cannon’s explosion creates community enjoyment by mixing historical relevance with the spirit of the holy month of Ramadan.
Summary:
Explore the fascinating history and origin of the Cairo Ramadan cannon, a timeless tradition firing at sunset during Ramadan to mark iftar. From Mamluk Sultan Khoshqadam’s accidental shot in 1467 to its revival at Salah El-Din Citadel, learn how this echo of the past unites Egyptians today. Perfect for Ramadan culture insights.
FAQs
1. When did the Cairo Ramadan cannon tradition begin?
It originated around 1467 AD during Sultan Khoshqadam’s reign in the Mamluk era, from an accidental sunset test firing.
2. Where is the Ramadan cannon fired in Cairo today?
It’s fired from Salah El-Din Citadel’s Police Museum square, a restored 1871 Krupp cannon.
3. Why was the cannon tradition revived recently?
Revived in 2021 after 30 years to preserve Citadel heritage, using modern lasers alongside blasts for iftar signals.
